A 4,000 unit housing project was completed in Richmond during 1943. The were the first inhabitants of the Richmond area, settling an estimated 5,000 years ago. They spoke the language, and subsisted as and. The name 'Richmond' appears to predate actual incorporation by more than fifty years. Edmund Randolph, originally from, represented the city of San Francisco when California's first legislature met in San Jose in December 1849, and he became state assemblyman from San Francisco.

Department is responsible for managing. State & Federal categorical funding. And compliance for K-12 programs within. Visalia Unified School District. The office of State & Federal Projects. Is responsible for the administration of the: District Counselors. American Indian Program. Migrant Education ProgramAssessment.

His loyalty to the town of his birth caused him to persuade a federal surveying party mapping the San Francisco Bay to place the names 'Point Richmond' and 'Richmond' on an 1854 geodetic coast map, which was the geodetic map at the terminal selected by the; and by 1899 maps made by the railroad carried the name 'Point Richmond Avenue', designating a county road that later became Barrett Avenue, a central street in Richmond. The had its terminus at Richmond. The first post office opened in 1900. Richmond was founded and in 1905, carved out of, from which the nearby town of San Pablo inherited its name. Until the enactment of prohibition in 1919, the city had the largest in the world; the small abandoned village of remains fenced off along Western Drive in the.

Starting in 1917, and continuing through the 1920s, the was active in the city. In 1930 the opened an assembly plant called which moved to in the 1960s. The old Ford plant has been a National Historic Place since 1988, and in 2004 was purchased by developer Eddie Orton and has been converted into an events center (Ford Point Building – The Craneway).

The city was a small town at that time, until the onset of World War II which brought on a rush of migrants and a boom in the industrial sector. Set up operations here in 1901, including a what is now the and, which are still operated. There is a pier into San Francisco Bay south of for oil tankers. The western terminus of the was established in Richmond with ferry connections at Ferry Point in the Brickyard Cove area of to San Francisco.

Built in Richmond At the outset of World War II, the four were built along the Richmond waterfront, employing thousands of workers, many recruited from all over the United States, including many African-Americans and women entering the workforce for the first time. Many of these workers lived in specially constructed houses scattered throughout the San Francisco Bay Area, including Richmond, Berkeley and Albany. A specially built rail line, the, transported workers to the shipyards. Kaiser's Richmond shipyards built 747 and for the war effort, more than any other site in the U.S. The city broke many records and even built one Liberty ship in a record five days.

On average the yards could build a ship in thirty days. The medical system established for the shipyard workers at the eventually became today's. It remained in operation until 1993 when it was replaced by the modern hospital, that has subsequently expanded to a large multiple building campus. Point Richmond was originally the commercial hub of the city, but a new downtown arose in the center of the city. It was populated by many department stores such as,,,, and. During the war the population increased dramatically and peaked at around 120,000 by the end of the war. Once the war ended the shipyard workers were no longer needed, beginning a decades-long population decline.

The Census listed 99,545 residents in 1950. By 1960 much of the temporary housing built for the shipyard workers was torn down, and the population dropped to about 71,000. Many of the people who moved to Richmond were and came from the Midwest and South. Most of the white men were overseas at war, and this opened up new opportunities for ethnic minorities and women.

This era also brought with it the innovation of for children, as a few women could care for several dozen women's children, while most of the mothers went off to work in the factories and shipyards. A 'Wendy the Welder' at the Kaiser contributing to the.

In the 1970s the Hilltop area including a large shopping mall was developed in the northern suburbs of the city; this further depressed the downtown area as it drew away retail clients and tenants. In the late 1990s and early 2000s the was built along the western industrial and northwestern parkland of the city connecting Interstates 80 and 580. In the early 1900s, the Santa Fe railroad established a major rail yard adjacent to Point Richmond. The railroad constructed a tunnel through the Potrero San Pablo ridge to run a track from their yard to a ferry landing from which freight cars could be transshipped to San Francisco. Where this track crosses the main street in Point Richmond, there remain two of the last operational grade crossing signals in the United States, and the only surviving examples of the 'upside-down' type. The wigwag is an antiquated type of railroad crossing signal which was phased out in the 1970s and 80s across the country. There was controversy in 2005 when the State Transportation Authority ordered the BNSF railroad company to upgrade the railroad crossing signals.

A compromise was achieved that included installing new modern crossing gates, red lights and bells while not removing, but simply shutting off the historic ones and preserving their functionality for special events. The also established a major facility in Richmond in the early 20th century. The facility connected with both the Santa Fe and Southern Pacific and serviced their passenger coach equipment. The Pullman Company was a large employer of men, who worked mainly as on the Pullman cars.

Many of them settled in the East Bay, from Richmond to Oakland, prior to World War II. Had planned to visit Richmond just prior to his assassination. In 2006 the city celebrated its centennial. This coincided with the repaving and streetscaping project of.

The city's old rundown commercial district along Macdonald has been designated the city's 'Main Street District' by the state of California. This has led to funding of improvements in the form of state grants. Geography [ ].

Richmond is located. According to the, the city has a total area of 52.5 square miles (136 km 2), of which 30.1 square miles (78 km 2) is land and 22.4 square miles (58 km 2) (42.71%) is water. The city sits on 32 miles (51 km) of waterfront, more than any other city in the Bay Area.

The city borders to the southwest and to the northwest, and includes and the entirely, and half of. There are several cities and surrounding or bordering Richmond. To the south is the city of which is in and the city of. The unincorporated communities of,,, and lie to the east. To the west and to the east are almost entirely surrounded by Richmond's city limits. To the north, Richmond borders the city of and the unincorporated areas of,, Hilltop Green,. Richmond borders,, and counties in the Bay and Red Rock Island.

The city is within the 94801, 94803, 94804, 94805, and 94806. Aerial view in 2015 Climate [ ] Richmond, like much of the coastal, enjoys a very mild year round. The climate is slightly warmer than the coastal areas of San Francisco,, and Marin County; it is however more temperate than areas further inland. The average highs range from 57 to 73 °F (14 to 23 °C) and the lows between 43 to 56 °F (6 to 13 °C) year round. Richmond usually enjoys an ', and September is, on average, the warmest month. January is on average the coldest month. The highest recorded temperature in Richmond was 107 °F (42 °C) in September 1971 while the coldest was 24 °F (−4 °C) in January 1990.

The rainy season begins in late October and ends in April with some showers in May. Most of the rain occurs during stronger storms which occur between November and March and drop 3.3–4.91 inches (84–125 mm) of rain per month. January and February are the rainiest months. Like most of the Bay Area, Richmond is made up of several. Southern parts of the city and the ridges receive more than northern areas.

Summer temperatures are higher in inland areas, where the moderating influence of San Francisco Bay is lessened. The average wind speed is 6–9 miles per hour (10–14 km/h) with stronger winds from March through August; the strongest winds are in June. The city also enjoys more than 80% sunshine seven months out of the year and 10 with 60% or more. December and January are the darkest months with about 45% average brightness. The city experiences virtually no snowfall, and brief hail annually.

The city is very humid in the morning with the lowest humidity being in the high 70% range. This may be due to San Francisco Bay's notorious fog and also the fact that a majority of Richmond lies on a flat coastal plain predominantly consisting of reclaimed tidal marshes, inter-tidal flats, and.

Morning humidity is 75% to 92% year round; afternoon humidity is more variable. This percentage is in the high 20s to mid 30s (%) May through October (the summer months) and climbs or descends through 40% to 70% during the winter. At the Richmond Marina. After a baby was beached on the Point Richmond shore in May 2007, its rotting corpse became bothersome to neighbors. It took a while to remove it since various agencies argued over which would have to pay for it.

Richmond is also home to one of the last pristine moist grassland habitats in the entire Bay Area at the former Field Station near. Richmond residents, however, have limited access to other environmental benefits. Because of the refineries located in Richmond, air quality is particularly low, and residents are especially at risk of air-pollution-related health issues. In 2006 the city was sued by an environmental group for dumping raw into the Bay. Councilmember Tom Butt was very vocal on the subject accusing the city council of turning a blind eye to the problem. Mayor McLaughlin has set a goal of installing five megawatts of solar photovoltaic generation in Richmond. Crime [ ] The city has in the past suffered from a high crime rate; at one point, the city council requested a declaration of a state of emergency and asked for the intervention of the Contra Costa County Sheriff and the. Parkland Mall Eb Games Canada.

Murder, vehicle theft, and larceny rates remain high, although they tend to be concentrated in the and adjacent unincorporated, which is outside the jurisdiction of the Richmond Police Department. The city received widespread attention in 2009 when a at a homecoming dance at Richmond High School. In 2007, Richmond opened a program to prevent gun violence, the Office of Neighborhood Safety. The program collects information and analyzes public records to determine 'the 50 people in Richmond most likely to shoot someone and to be shot themselves.'

It then offers selected individuals 'a spot in a program that includes a stipend to turn their lives around'. 'Over an 18-month period, if the men demonstrate better behavior, ONS offers them up to $1,000 a month in cash, plus opportunities to travel beyond Richmond.'

In 2004, Richmond was ranked the 12th most dangerous city in America. Those rankings have changed, and Richmond is no longer ranked as a 'most dangerous' city, in either California or the United States. This is in large part due to the efforts of Police Chief Chris Magnus, who established 'community policing', which involves police officers engaging with affected high crime communities. Disasters [ ]. Map showing the Hayward fault running through the eastern Richmond hills and the hilltop area through to San Pablo Bay Richmond lies in the volatile California region that has a potential for devastating earthquakes. Many buildings were damaged in the 1989.

The city has also had at least one minor tornado. The often releases gases and had many highly noted chemical leaks in the 1990s. The company has been fined thousands, sometimes hundreds of thousands of dollars.

The chemicals most often released are chlorine and sulfur trioxide. In a July 26, 1993, industrial accident, a company rail tanker car containing overheated and exploded in the General Chemical railyard. This resulted in a 17-mile (27 km) area contaminated with the poisonous gas, and led to 25,000 people landing in the hospital. The incident led to lawsuits, and has been referred to as a mini. A beach closed due to oil contamination along the shoreline at Marina Bay. The city's shoreline and wildlife were seriously affected by the.

Beaches and shoreline were closed, but later reopened. Keller Beach was closed to public access for swimmers. On April 15, 2010, a (roughly 30 feet (9.1 m) deep) appeared at the intersection of El Portal Drive and Via Verdi. Although no one was hurt, a car fell into the sinkhole.

On August 6, 2012, a, resulting in 15,000 residents in the surrounding area seeking medical treatment. There are 17 emergency warning sirens in the city, they are tested every Wednesday and are usually used to warn of toxic chemical releases from the. Demographics [ ] Historical population Census Pop.%± 6,802 — 16,843 147.6% 20,093 19.3% 23,642 17.7% 99,545 321.1% 71,854 −27. Cypress At2lp Rc42 Software Informer more. 8% 79,043 10.0% 74,676 −5.5% 87,425 17.1% 99,216 13.5% 103,701 4.5% Est. 2016 109,813 5.9% U.S.

Decennial Census 2010 [ ] The reported that Richmond had a population of 103,701. The population density was 1,976.0 inhabitants per square mile (762.9/km 2). The racial makeup of Richmond was 32,590 (31.4%), 27,542 (26.6%), 662 (0.6%), 13,984 (13.5%) (4.0%, 3.5%, 1.6%, 1.2%, 0.7%, 0.6%, 0.4%, 0.2%, 0.1% ), 537 (0.5%), 22,573 (21.8%) from, and 5,813 (5.6%) from two or more races. Or of any race were 40,921 persons (39.5%). Among the Hispanic population, 27.3% were of origin, 4.7%, 1.7%, and 1.2% heritage. The census reported that 102,118 people (98.5% of the population) lived in households, 670 (0.6%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 913 (0.9%) were institutionalized. There were 36,093 households, out of which 13,487 (37.4%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 14,502 (40.2%) were living together, 6,931 (19.2%) had a female householder with no husband present, 2,585 (7.2%) had a male householder with no wife present.

There were 2,538 (7.0%), and 427 (1.2%). 9,546 households (26.4%) were made up of individuals and 2,707 (7.5%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.83.

There were 24,018 (66.5% of all households); the average family size was 3.43. The age distribution of the population shows 25,800 people (24.9%) under the age of 18, 10,364 people (10.0%) aged 18 to 24, 30,846 people (29.7%) aged 25 to 44, 26,109 people (25.2%) aged 45 to 64, and 10,582 people (10.2%) who were 65 years of age or older.

The median age was 34.8 years. For every 100 females there were 94.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.0 males. There were 39,328 housing units at an average density of 749.4 per square mile (289.3/km 2), of which 18,659 (51.7%) were owner-occupied, and 17,434 (48.3%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.5%; the rental vacancy rate was 8.1%.

52,683 people (50.8% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 49,435 people (47.7%) lived in rented housing. The African-American population in Richmond was 22% African-American as of 2015, while it was 44% African-American in 1990.

Demographic profile 2010 Total Population 103,701 – 100.0% One Race 97,888 – 94.4% Not Hispanic or Latino 62,780 – 60.5% White alone 17,769 – 17.1% Black or African American alone 26,872 – 25.9% American Indian and Alaska Native alone 250 – 0.2% Asian alone 13,783 – 13.3% Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone 462 – 0.4% Some other race alone 585 – 0.6% Two or more races alone 3,059 – 2.9% Hispanic or Latino (of any race) 40,921 – 39.5% 2000 [ ] As of the census of 2000, there were 99,216 people, 34,625 households, and 23,025 families in the city. The population density was 3,309.5 inhabitants per square mile (1,277.8/km 2).

There were 36,044 housing units at an average density of 1,202.3 per square mile (464.2/km 2). The racial makeup of the city was 36.06% or, 21.36%, 0.64%, 12.29%, 0.50%, 13.86% from, and 5.27% from two or more races. 26.53% of the population were or, of any race.

Of the 34,625 households, 33.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.5% were married couples living together, 20.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.5% were non-families. 26.2% of all households were made up of individuals and 7.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.

The average household size was 2.82 and the average family size was 3.44. In the city, the age distribution of the population shows 27.7% under the age of 18, 9.9% from 18 to 24, 31.4% from 25 to 44, 21.2% from 45 to 64, and 9.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years.

For every 100 females there were 94.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.2 males. The median income for a household in the city was $44,210, and the median income for a family was $46,659. Males had a median income of $37,389 versus $34,204 for females. The for the city was $19,788.

About 13.4% of families and 16.2% of the population were below the, including 23.1% of those under age 18 and 11.8% of those age 65 or over. 75.4% of inhabitants over the age of 25 were high school graduates, while 22.4% had bachelor's degrees, and 8.3% had a graduate or professional degree. 7.7% of the population was unemployed and those who were employed took, on average, 34.3 minutes to commute to their place of work. 33.2% of the population aged 15 and over has never married, while 46.3% is currently wed.

11.1% have already divorced, 3.1% is currently separated, and 6.4% has been widowed. 20.6% of the population was born outside the U.S., of which 15.4% were born in Latin America and 8.7% in Asia. During the day the population shrinks by 6.2% due to commuting while 23.3% of the population works within the city limits. 20.5% of the jobs in the city are in the educational, health, and social service fields, while 10.9% are professional, scientific, management, administrative, and waste disposal, and 10.4% are in retail. 7.0% of Richmonders are veterans of the U.S. Armed Forces compared with 10.9% nationally. 33.2% are foreign born while 12.4% are nationwide.

48.1% of men and 43.2% of women are married conversely 55.9 and 51% of Americans are respectively. Nearly half (46.7%) speak a language other than the English language at home. 65.3% are employed even with the national average. The average household income is US$52,794; $6,552 higher than the national average. The average family makes 57,931 dollars while the average American household makes 55,832 dollars. The per capita income is 22,326 compared with 25,035 federally.

Among Richmond residents, 64.56% residents speak English, 23.13% speak Spanish, 2.11% speak, 1.75% speak Chinese, 1.20% speak, 1.12% speak, 0.72% speak, 0.54% speak, 0.51% speak French, 0.5% speak, 3.49% speak other languages none of which represents more than half of one percent of the population. Economy [ ] Largest employers in Richmond 2012 Rank Name Industry 1. Petrochemical 2. Government 4. Government 5. Government 6.

City of Richmond Government 7. Healthcare 8.

Medical Equipment 9. Michael Stead Group Retail 10. Dicon Fiberoptics Industrial Many industries have been and are still sited in Richmond.

It had a and works (the, closed in 1960, now the site of ), the last active station in the country at Point Molate (closed in 1971), and one of the world's largest (), closed by in 1919. During World War II, Richmond developed rapidly as a heavy industrial town, chiefly devoted to. Its major activity now is as a, with 26 million of goods shipped through in 1993, mostly oil and petroleum products. USA has a major in the city, with a storage capacity of 15 million (2,400 m 3). The employs over 1,000 at its regional office and program service center in Downtown Richmond. 's hospital in the Downtown Richmond is one of the largest employers in the city.

Is run and operated in the city. Vetrazzo, an award-winning green business that manufactures Recycled Glass Countertops out of waste glass such as beer bottles and old traffic lights, is located in the refurbished Ford Assembly Plant. Treeskunk Productions a video game animation studio is based in the town.

Bay View recording studios are located in the city, and have worked with artists such as. Photon Films, LLC, a video production and editing studio, is located in Harborfront area along the southeast shoreline.

Shopping [ ]. Kaiser Permanente in. The includes that features,, and department stores as anchors. Furthermore, the area is home to Hilltop, a 16-screen Century Theaters alongside, Hilltop Plaza Shopping Center.

The has evolved into a predominantly Latino neighborhood over the last twenty years as have the storefronts. In the the Richmond Shopping Center was built as part of the city's ' main street' revitalization efforts. It is anchored by a supermarket and a pharmacy.

The is a commercial plot along the trunk route of Macdonald Avenue which has been designated the city's main street under the aforementioned program. It was once anchored by the now-defunct Montgomery Wards and a Toys'R'Us. Demolition of the former buildings and construction of a new shopping mall were completed in 2006 and the center is now anchored by a store. Richmond Annex and South West Annex [ ] 'Big-box' stores already in the city include in the area and a which is partially in Richmond.

A controversial department store has been proposed for Point Isabel. (See ) Redevelopment [ ] The former were transformed starting in the late 1980s into a multiunit residential area,. Starting in the early 2000s, the city began an aggressive redevelopment effort spurring exurban tract housing, condominiums, townhomes, a, and terraced hillside subdivisions. The city also created a that refurbished, funded the Metro Walk transit village, resurrected the, and created the trail and project. Since 1996, new homes have increased in price by 32%, and there has been a 65.6% increase in the total amount of new dwellings built annually. Country Club Vista is a development surrounding the Richmond Country Club to the south and north.

It includes suburban style tract houses with cul-de-sac courts and small yards. Seacliff, at Point Richmond, is a development of luxury waterfront homes built on a terraced hillside. San Marcos is a series of about ten condominium multistory buildings between Hilltop Mall and Country Club Vista. Richmond Transit Village has been constructed in the former west parking lot and an adjacent empty lot of the combined Richmond BART and Amtrak station. The development is part of the city's downtown revitalization efforts. Richmond CARES [ ] On September 11, 2013, the seven-member Richmond City Council, in a four-to-three vote, decided to pursue a scheme for using to buy out mortgages.

The vote was on '[setting] up a Joint Powers Authority to bring more cities into the plan'. However, at least five votes would be needed before any mortgage could actually be bought out. And California governments including, the city of and had considered such plans but decided not to pursue them. The vote made Richmond the first to accept the idea. The plan had been opposed by the vice-mayor and some members of the city council, who said it would 'compromise' the city's finances. Critics of the plan noted that the company Mortgage Resolution Partners stood to potentially profit: it would receive $4500 from the new lenders for each refinanced mortgage for arranging the financing to purchase the original loans and for handling all legal, administrative, and refinancing operations (an amount matching what lenders are compensated for under the Federal HARP loan modification program). Critics also questioned the inclusion of wealthy neighborhoods such as 'the area near the Richmond Country Club'.

The Western Contra Costa Association of Realtors hired a public relations agency and sent mass mailings warning against the scheme; its advertising was 'funded, in part, by more than $70,000 from the California Association of Realtors and the National Associations of Realtors.' And had sued, claiming the program was unconstitutional. '[T]he National Housing Law Project, Housing and Economic Rights Advocates, Bay Area Legal Aid, the Law Foundation of Silicon Valley, and the California Reinvestment Coalition' opposed the suit, calling the banks' request for an injunction against the city 'discrimination in violation of the Fair Housing Act'. Supporters of the plan include the Alliance of Californians for Community Empowerment and Robert Hockett, a professor of law. Casinos [ ] Many casinos have been proposed for the West Contra Costa area.

Would have a casino, resort, and a luxury shopping mall. Proposes a casino, a steakhouse, and a buffet promoted by the near the border between and the city of Richmond's, whose residents have lauded it as a boon to fighting crime by adding more of a police presence and creating jobs for shiftless youth, but residents from neighboring newly developed sub-divisions along the were fervently opposed based on potential losses to property values. Casino San Pablo has already been built in neighboring San Pablo, with 2,500 slots. The projects have been the subject of much civic debate; supporters contend that the often cash-strapped government would get a major new source of revenue, while opponents air their concerns over the ramifications, including an increase in already high crime rates, lowered property values, and worsening neighborhood quality of life. Point Molate is currently slated to either become a housing and conference center, a resort shopping area, or even a large regional park.

In 2010 the city approved the environmental review of the plan in which the tribe agreed to contain development of the casino to the footprint of the buildings on the former naval depot site. The lobbying and reports required by Richmond have cost the tribe $15,000,000. This approval won over the region's strict environmentalists and many council members.

Later that year residents were given the opportunity to weigh in on the issue and voted on the non-binding measure U to determine their approval of the project. 58% of voters opposed the 1 billion-dollar project. Citing the people's opposition and the inability to negotiate several key points with the developer, the city council voted down the project in 2011. Councilman Nat Bates remained a proponent of the plan with its projected 17,000 jobs, while the remainder of the council was chagrined at the fact that there was no guarantee that the jobs would go to Richmonders. The city of San Pablo, whose lifeline is their card club,, was elated. The was given the opportunity of 150 days to create a non-casino plan for the site such as alternatives in the environmental report for a convention center, conference center, hotel, spa, and housing.

Politics [ ]. Main article: Richmond city government operates under a with seven members (including mayor and vice mayor) elected to alternating four-year terms. Politically, the city is a stronghold.

By the early 1990s, not a single remained on the council. The city council has four African Americans, four whites and two Latinos. The position of Mayor rotated between members of the Richmond City Council until 1981, when the office became an elected position. Carroll, who was voted by the City Council to become Mayor on July 6, 1964, was described at the time as 'the first Negro mayor in California and first in America with the exception of small, scattered all-Negro communities in the Deep South,'. George Livingston Sr.

Was the first elected African American mayor. He served from 1985 to 1993. Served as the mayor from 1993 to 2001. Years of political domination by the local firefighters union subsided after a corruption investigation. In the early 2000s was the first Green elected to the council, with the support of the Richmond Progressive Alliance (RPA), a coalition of liberal Democrats, progressive independents, and Greens. In November 2006, McLaughlin was elected mayor, defeating incumbent first-term Mayor. In 2006 the city implemented a computer program that it had ordered from a German firm that provides the city with statistical interactive maps.

These maps cover such areas as signage locations, streets, crime hot-spots, and zoning information. In 2007 the city won a contest in which its previously substandard website was upgraded and improved to make it more modern and functional. The prize includes two years of free webmastering.

There has recently been controversy regarding appointments of councilpersons Sandhu and Thurmond who were not elected at-large or were appointed to the ballot on a Yes/No basis. Recently Mayor McGlaughlin and Councilperson Butt have opposed Chevron's Renewal Project that would replace their 1950's era Hydrogen Manufacturing plant with a newer more efficient plant would increase pollution by using dirtier, thicker, but cheaper crude oil. The city of Richmond has eight community centers which are located within city parks. Many of the city's community centers were closed in the early 2000s following budget miscalculations and financial difficulties. In the 2006 city elections many candidates ran on platforms promising to reopen these community centers, most of which had been closed due to budget cuts. That election also featured a city sales tax increase, Measure Q, which failed. There are 53 voting precincts in Richmond.

During the regular 21,575 of 37,605 (57.37%) registered voters cast their ballots. Richmond has formerly been home to black culture and activist movements, most notably the.

Cannabis dispensaries [ ] The city has eight dispensaries, and although the city has passed legislation approving them and has legalized their presence, city management does not accept their legality. In fact, the city had sued to close them. It is trying to enforce an injunction that would suspend their operating licenses. Although the city council has passed an ordinance permitting the dispensaries, city management refuses to cooperate with the spirit of the law because it has yet to take effect. The question remains whether the clubs will be closed before the law allowing them to open takes effect. Government [ ] Richmond is governed by the. Richmond is served by the and Richmond Fire Department.

Dozens of parks are run by the Richmond Parks & Recreation Department. The Richmond Civic Center is currently undergoing a seismic upgrade and renovations program. Some buildings are being refurbished while other buildings will be replaced.

Current mayor was elected Mayor of Richmond in 2015 with more than 50 percent of the vote. Prior to winning the mayoral election, he served on the Richmond City Council for 20 years (from 1995 to 2015) and served as the city's vice-mayor in 2002 and 2012. Richmond is also home to the in the. It is a male and female county jail.

RichmondWorks and Richmond Summer YouthWorks are city programs that aim to decrease unemployment and crime and have led to hundreds receiving employment at area retail businesses. Fires, medical emergencies and other disasters are handled by the which has seven fire stations in the city. Medical and trauma patients are transported by American Medical Response Paramedics and EMTs. Sewage is largely handed by the Richmond Sewage Treatment Plant in.

Education [ ]. The at Ferry Point in Brickyard Cove, 2006 The Ferry Point Tunnel is one of the oldest tunnels in California.

Built in 1899, this structure still gives access to many attractions and neighborhoods in Brickyard Cove. The tunnel goes to the Golden State Railroad Museum, the USS Red Oak Victory, and many beaches and parks, and to Ferry Point where an abandoned ferry-rail pier still stands with a historic ferry slip still standing, though somewhat damaged by fire.

It can be viewed from an adjacent fishing pier. The is a restored World War II, the 558th ship made in Richmond. And Victory ships transported troops and supplies during World War II. During World War II the city sprawled and its population increased dramatically. This led city leaders to construct the Richmond Civic Center in 1957. This center houses the city hall, a small convention center, library, hall of justice, police headquarters, and arts center.

The Richmond Public Library, the only public library independent of the Contra Costa County Public Libraries system, lies in the heart of the civic center. It houses over 204,686 books, 4,014 audio materials, 5,277 video materials, and 491 serial subscriptions. The extends 5.5 miles (8.9 km) across San Pablo Bay. The bridge is the origin of the term rollercoaster span, due to its curves, bumps, and appearance which have also earned the bridge the nickname of The Rollercoaster Bridge.

It was built in 1957, and connects Contra Costa County with. Automobiles are charged a 5 toll in the westbound (towards Marin) direction only. The is a complex series of model railroad layouts in a museum in the Brickyard Cove area of Point Richmond.

A visitor can operate trains of various eras, and there are miniature freight and passenger terminals, trestles, tunnels, and meticulously detailed town and city scenes, many of which are copied from real life scenes of the 1950s. The Santa Fe Railroad Terminal operated as the western terminus for the railroad from the late 19th century to the late 20th century. It has now been transformed into a museum to exemplify the feel of the terminal in that era. ' image used in a marker designating the The is in Richmond, and commemorates women's shipbuilding and support for the war effort in the 1940s. Keller Beach is one of the city's beaches, located at Miller/Knox Regional Shoreline, a park in Brickyard Cove.

It offers picnicking, sunbathing, wading, and swimming. The beach is overlooked by vehicles exiting the Brickyard Cove drive, Ferry Point tunnel and houses on the steep cliffs above. The beach, as with most of the cove, offers spectacular panoramic bay views of the Oakland hills, bridges, the San Francisco skyline and the Golden Gate. Point Molate Beach Park is a park on the western coast of Richmond along Western Drive.

It was originally a Chinese shrimp camp in the 1870s. Yacht harbor accommodates hundreds of private boats. East Brother Light Station on East Brother Island (one of the ) is host to an exclusive. It is only accessible by private boat. Visitors come and stay for the day and picnic for free or they may pay for a room. The city is also home to a radio controlled model airplane airport, that is located in a contested piece of land and near Point Pinole Regional Park in the Parchester Village neighborhood. The city's cemeteries include and.

Leisure and culture [ ] Several administered by the lie within the city, including the and the. They are linked by the. Part of the former shipyard is now a marina. The Richmond Art Center, founded by Hazel Salmi in 1936, is one of the oldest continually operating non-profit art centers on the entire West Coast of the United States. Its programming includes exhibitions, adult and youth education, and community initiatives. The Center currently (as of 2005) provides some of the only arts education programming in the Richmond City School District, relying primarily on public donations and private grants as its means of support.

There is also the East Bay Center for the Performing Arts, Hilltop Multiplex, or Masquers Theaters in Point Richmond. The and are active political parties in Richmond. The has its national headquarters in Richmond.

Art [ ] Richmond is home to the National Institute of Art and Disabilities Art Center, also known locally as the NIAD Art Center. NIAD is a non-profit organization hosting over sixty client artists weekly. NIAD's client artist's work can be seen at NIAD's on-site gallery, the Florence Ludins-Katz Gallery. NIAD has a gift shop.

The is a contemporary visual arts center, with a gallery and art classes in the heart of Richmond. A showcase for emerging and established artists, the Richmond Art Center hosts the annual 'The Art of Living Black', art show which is a showcase of the artwork of Bay Area Black Artists. 'Featuring over 50 local artists, the works include fine arts and crafts, paintings, sculpture, photography, prints, masks, stained glass, quilts, textile art, ceramics, jewelry and dolls.' The beauty, the pain, the power and the eye of these black artists touch the soul deeply.

Founded in 1936 by local artist Hazel Salmi, the Richmond Art Center is a Bay Area cultural institution. In addition, has maintained its roots in the Richmond community since 1968. The Center engages youth and young adults in imagining and creating new worlds for themselves and new visions for their communities through the inspiration and discipline of rigorous training in world performance traditions.

The subculture and subgenre of rap music originated in Richmond and surrounding cities. From 1996 to 2002 a ' was held on the beach in Point Molate every few weeks or monthly. The festival was a community service for under-21-year-olds. [ ] Religion [ ] There are dozens of gathering places for various religions in the city, and some which are not represented in the city can be found nearby.

Christian denominational churches include the Kingdom Hall of Jehovah's Witnesses; Word of Faith church; St. Peters C.M.E.; Kingdom Land Baptist Church; Grace Baptist Church; Grace Lutheran Church; Temple Baptist Church; Unity Church of Richmond; Holy Trinity Episcopal Church; First Mexican Baptist Church; Holy Mission Christian Center;, Greater New Bethel Apostolic Ministries, formerly New Bethel Church of God in Christ, founded by Bishop A.D.

Bradley in 1945; Faith Temple C.O.G.I.C., and Faith Tabernacle A.O.H. Church Of God; and the Largest Church in Richmond, Hilltop Community Church which is Assemblies of God.

There is also a large Buddhist temple that serves as a community center for the Lao community of the East Bay. There is a synagogue in the.

Parks and recreation [ ]. Beach goers wading at in in southern Richmond between and. The city has 292.6 acres (1.2 km 2) of parkland, that is 1.5% of the city's land territory. A new national park, is now under construction in the former Kaiser shipyards and other wartime industrial sites in Richmond.

The park is a memorial to the six million women who labored on the home front, symbolized by the mythical figure 'Rosie the Riveter'. Richmond was selected for the park because it has many intact buildings that were constructed for 56 wartime industries. Its four shipyards produced an amazing 747 large ships and set production records.

The home front changed Richmond from a predominantly rural community of 23,600 residents to a diverse population of over 100,000 people within a year. Industries operated around the clock and public housing, schools, day care centers, health care and merchants mobilized to support the new workforce that arrived on the city's doorstep.

Fortunately, Richmond's turbulent and productive home front years were well chronicled and photographed. The National Park Service provides interpretive services and operates a Visitor Center in the craneway of the Ford Assembly Building. Richmond also has number of local parks and two large regional parks are under the authority of the East Bay Regional Parks District, a consortium of most of the Parks and Recreation lands and facilities of Alameda and Contra Costa County. Is the city's largest park at 2,428 acres (10 km 2). The park once housed a dance hall and roller rink and has distinctive stonework throughout, which was the rationale for its placement on the National Register of Historic Places.

It features San Pablo Creek, trails, forests, horseback riding, picnic areas, and a play structure for children, as well as horses for rent and mountain biking trails. High school students practice cross-country in the park. It is situated in the eastern Richmond hills and stretches into Berkeley's in Alameda County. The park has diverse animal and plant life including great horned owls, opossums, king snakes, rubber boas, turkey vultures and many others. Is the largest off-leash dog park in the United States. The is a project costing millions of dollars to transform an old rail line into a walking, jogging, and biking trail. It will span east to west from the end of the Ohlone Trail that follows the BART line from El Cerrito to Berkeley.

It will also follow the BART line to Richmond station and continue to Point Richmond. Pedestrian bridges will be used to cross major avenues such as San Pablo Avenue and 23rd Street. An additional side project will add a bike lane/bike trail between the Richmond Greenway and the Ohlone trail at Potrero Avenue via 23rd Street, Carlson Boulevard, Cutting Boulevard, and Potrero. It is currently under construction.

Richmond is home to four marinas: the Brickyard Cove Yacht Club, Point San Pablo Yacht Club, Marina Bay Marina, and Channel Marina in the Santa Fe channel. In addition, Richmond has the 'Richmond Plunge', a municipal dating back to 1926 and which reopened August 14, 2010. The pool is located in the neighborhood. Fix Our Ferals a spay neuter clinic is located here. Celebrations and conferences [ ] The city has annual and celebrations. The Cinco de Mayo celebrations sponsored by the Merchant's Association attracts thousands and closes the entire length of the roadway. The Richmond Police Department, Fire Brigade, United States Marine Corps and other organizations participate in the parade.

This is in addition to a fireworks show at Marina Bay celebrating the and a Silly Parade, an event where people march down the street and generally act 'weird' and silly. The city also participates in various activities. The city hosts an annual and a physical activity and nutrition forum to discuss health in the community, it has been running since 2006. In 2010 the city began celebrating the Richmond Native American Pow-Wow in Nicholl Park, in 2012 this included area politicians and members of over 50 tribes from throughout the country. Media [ ] Newspapers [ ] There are two African American weekly newspapers, one general interest online publication, and one multimedia news project that cover Richmond exclusively. The and publish print and online editions.

RichmondConfidential.org, which is run by the, is a general interest online-only news publication serving the city of Richmond. Richmond Pulse is a youth-led print and online publication which focuses on community health. The, run by, covers greater Contra Costa County. Television [ ] A local station,, mainly plays historical archives but also airs (GATV) City Council Meetings and music videos. Radio [ ] transmits from towers.

Infrastructure [ ] Port of Richmond [ ]. Main article: The Port of Richmond, located in along the city's coast beside the Richmond Inner Harbor, handles the third-largest shipping tonnage in California annually, a total of 19 million short tons.

It ranks number one for ports of the San Francisco Bay for vehicles and liquid bulk. In addition to these commodities, the port can also handle dry-bulk, break-bulk, and containers. Seven of the terminals are city-owned, in addition to five dry docks, while there are 11 privately owned terminals. The port is served by a rail network operated by four major rail companies. Roadways [ ] Highways and expressways [ ]. Richmond BART Station within the intermodal Richmond Station which carries 1.9 million passengers annually. Municipal services [ ] The Richmond Fire Department is the fire and rescue service for Richmond, and by contract with it also serves, and.

The is headquartered at the Richmond Civic Center; the headquarters building was recently renovated and is LEED certified. Richmond's waste disposal and recycling is handled by the Richmond Sanitary Service. Water is provided by the East Bay Municipal Utility District (), while sewers are operated by the city government. The city's electricity and gas is provided by the Pacific Gas & Electric Company (). Notable people [ ] Athletics [ ] •, Olympic track and field athlete, in 3000 meter steeplechase •, running back for NFL's •, Oakland Raiders football player •, Stanford and NFL player, 11 years as cornerback for, starter for champions; also known for a questionable pass interference in on Pittsburgh wide receiver Lynn Swann • Mark Daniels, Jr., professional bass angler (2013), The Bass Federation (TBF) national champion (2011), fifth place in FLW Everstart Bass Fishing Circuit (2011), sixth in Forrest L.

See also: Richmond has many distinct neighborhoods. The city can roughly be divided into the northern Hilltop/El Sobrante, eastern Central/East Richmond, downtown/Iron Triangle and Southern Point Richmond/Marina Bay areas. In literature, film, and music [ ] Books [ ] • Richmond – Windows to the Past, an oral history based photographic history by Susan Alcorn (1980). • In Contempt (Mass Market Paperback) by Christopher A. Darden,, ReganBooks; Reprint edition (February 1997) (Christopher Darden, one of the prosecutors in the criminal case against O.J. Simpson, grew up in Richmond.) • Photographing the 2nd Gold Rush: Dorothea Lange and the East Bay at War 1941–1945 (Paperback) by Dorothea Lange, Charles Wollenberg, (August 1995).

• Richmond (Images of America) (Paperback) by Donald Bastin, Arcadia Publishing (SC) (November 2003). • Tales from the Iron Triangle: Boyhood Days in the Bay Area of the 1920s (Hardcover), by James Polese, Ocean Tree Books; 1st ed. Edition (September 1994). • To Place Our Deeds: The African American Community in Richmond, California, 1910–1963 (Paperback) by Shirley Ann Wilson Moore, University of California Press; 1 edition (February 5, 2001). • Gypsies: The Hidden Americans (Paperback) by Anne Sutherland, 1975; Re-issued 1986 by Waveland Press, Inc. This book is an anthropological study of a group of American Rom (Gypsies) living in Richmond (Barvale), California.

It is based on fieldwork done during 1968–70. In this book, Richmond was given the pseudonym of 'Barvale' in order to protect the anonymity of the subjects. [ ] [ ] • 'If My Eyes Could Rewind THE REAL RICHMOND,CA STORY (Paperback) by Rodney 'Alamo' Brown SEP Publishing (November 2013) Film and television [ ] • The film documentary 'Enough is Enough: Live From Tent City in Richmond, CA,' details a grassroots movement of Richmond city residents to fight violence on their streets. • Much of the movie was filmed at the National Preservation Award-winning Ford Assembly Building, now commonly referred to as Ford Point. • Many scenes from the film, were filmed during a week in Point Richmond. • The basketball movie, although filmed across the bay in San Francisco was based on the story of the Richmond High School Basketball team being benched for poor grades despite an undefeated season. • In the T.V.

Show, character grew up in Richmond. • Many parts of the movie were filmed in Point Richmond. [ ] • DeVry College has made a commercial showing businesses along San Pablo Avenue in Richmond.

• Kaiser Permanente made a commercial showing a man riding a bicycle in Point Richmond. Sister cities [ ] Richmond, California has three, as designated by: •, Japan •, Cuba •, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China See also [ ]. California Association of.

Archived from (Word) on February 21, 2013. Retrieved March 26, 2013.

Richmond, California. Retrieved March 18, 2015. Richmond, California. Retrieved January 28, 2015. State of California.

Retrieved March 27, 2013. State of California. Retrieved March 27, 2013. Civic Impulse, LLC. Retrieved March 27, 2013. United States Census Bureau.

Retrieved Jun 28, 2017. Retrieved May 10, 2014.

Retrieved March 24, 2015. Retrieved June 9, 2017.

Retrieved April 16, 2015. Retrieved May 10, 2014. February 23, 2006.

Archived from on June 18, 2006. Retrieved May 10, 2014.

External link in work= () • September 27, 2007, at the.,, June 2007. Retrieved August 15, 2007. • Johnson, Jason B. (January 10, 2007).. San Francisco Chronicle. City of Richmond.

Retrieved June 25, 2007. University of California, Berkeley. Retrieved August 28, 2017. • Controlled burning as harvesting, Brown 1973:3,4,25; Levy 1978:491; Stanger, 1969:94; Bean and Lawton, 1973:11,30,39 (Lewis).

Quotation, 'A rough husbandry of the land', Brown 1973:4. Seafood, nuts and seeds, Levy 1978:491–492. Trapped small animals, Milliken, 1995:18. Food maintenance and natural resource management, Teixeira, 1997:2. • ^ Durham, David L. California's Geographic Names: A Gazetteer of Historic and Modern Names of the State.

Clovis, Calif.: Word Dancer Press. • Perrigan, Dana (June 29, 2008).. San Francisco Chronicle.

Retrieved December 11, 2011. Richmond was home to the world's largest winery, called Winehaven, until the federal government enacted Prohibition in 1919. • Shirley Ann Wilson Moore (13 April 2001).. University of California Press. • Said, Carolyn (November 14, 2010).. Retrieved May 28, 2013. Retrieved February 19, 2013.

National Park Service. Retrieved June 26, 2007. • Hendricks, Rickey.

A Model for National Health Care: The History of Kaiser Permanente (New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers University Press, 1993), 40–47, 63. •, BayCrossings.com, July 6, 2002. Retrieved May 18, 2007. Retrieved February 19, 2013. • Hughes, Lyn.. Retrieved February 19, 2013.

The Pullman State Historic Site. Retrieved May 28, 2013. •, Contra Costa Times, May 1, 2007.

Retrieved May 25, 2007. •, Business Wire, December 13, 2007. Retrieved May 24, 2007. • ^, City Data.com • ^. Retrieved August 1, 2007. • ^, Weather.com.

Retrieved June 19, 2007 February 13, 2009, at the. Retrieved March 3, 2012. •, Point Isabel. Retrieved July 25, 2007. •,, by Rick DelVecchio, April 22, 2005.

Retrieved May 24, 2007. Retrieved July 26, 2007. •, May 25, 2007, •. Retrieved June 7, 2007. Retrieved June 7, 2007. Retrieved June 7, 2007.

Retrieved August 1, 2007. FracTracker Alliance.

Retrieved 2017-02-04. • August 6, 2007, at the., Richmond Councilman Tom Butt can't keep his mouth shut, bless him. Wikipedians poke at Dick Pombo's bio; and mystery fliers sully mayor's race, by Will Harper,, March 1, 2006. Retrieved August 1, 2007. •, MSH Properties' Richmond Cooperative Advances City's 5-Megawatt Solar Energy Goal, Borrego Solar, May 3, 2007. Retrieved August 2, 2007.

•, by Jim Herron Zamora, Sfgate.com, San Francisco Chronicle, June 17, 2005. Retrieved May 24, 2007. Richmond, California – Official Website. Retrieved June 21, 2014. • Murphy, Tim (August 2014)...

Retrieved June 21, 2014. • Jason Motlagh (Director) (June 6, 2014).. America Tonight. Al Jazeera America. Retrieved June 21, 2014.

•, North Gate News Online. June 10, 2007, at the.

• Romney, Lee (May 2, 2015)... •, Sfgate.com, San Francisco Chronicle, September 17, 1999. • November 21, 2008, at the., Commongroundmag.com, Common Ground Magazine, February 2005. • January 6, 2008, at the., City of Richmond website. Retrieved December 18, 2007. •, CBS Local News, April 28, 2010. Retrieved August 12, 2010.

Retrieved 2011-04-12. Archived from on May 12, 2015. Retrieved June 4, 2015. Census Bureau. Retrieved July 12, 2014. Retrieved 2016-09-30. Archived from on September 11, 2013.

Retrieved January 31, 2008. Census Bureau.

•, MLA Data Center. Retrieved October 21, 2007. Retrieved May 20, 2013. • May 4, 2011, at the. City of Richmond website. Retrieved 2011-05-22.

Pacific Municipal Consultants. •, by Katherine Tam,, May 30, 2008. Retrieved August 8, 2008. • Said, Carolyn (September 11, 2013).. Retrieved September 11, 2013. Richmond's City Council voted 4-3 early Wednesday morning to continue exploring the use of eminent domain for underwater mortgages [.] • ^ Rogers, Robert (September 7, 2013).. Contra Costa Times.

Retrieved September 11, 2013. Any vote to seize assets through eminent domain requires a supermajority of the council, per state law, meaning that five of Richmond's seven council members would need to agree.

Anchorage Daily News. Associated Press. September 11, 2013. Retrieved September 11, 2013. • MacDuff, Cassie (September 6, 2013).. Press-Enterprise blog. Retrieved September 11, 2013.

• Joffe, Marc (September 5, 2013).. Retrieved September 11, 2013. • Palomino, Joaquin (September 10, 2013).

'Realtors and residents debate Richmond&'s eminent domain plan'. Richmond Confidential.

CBS San Francisco and Bay City News Service. September 10, 2013. Retrieved September 11, 2013.

September 10, 2013. Retrieved September 11, 2013. • Hopkins, Megan (September 10, 2013)..

Retrieved September 11, 2013. Cecilia Vega.. Retrieved 2011-01-21. •, Sfgate.com, San Francisco Chronicle, April 9, 2001. Carolyn Jones. San Francisco Chronicle.

Retrieved 2011-04-07. City of Richmond. Retrieved June 27, 2007. • Jones, Carolyn (January 11, 2012)...

Retrieved January 20, 2012. • 'Negro Councilman Elevated to Richmond Mayor's Post', Oakland Tribune, July 7, 1964, p19. • Hallissy, Erin (December 13, 1999).. San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved 19 February 2015. •, ESRI •, CivicPlus, January 5, 2007. Retrieved June 24, 2007.

•,, by Joshua Geluardi, March 11, 2007. Retrieved May 25, 2007.

• Johnson, Chip.. San Francisco Chronicle.

Retrieved August 2, 2007. • ^ Weber, Alex (July 22, 2010).. East Bay Express.

•, Mitigative and negative declaration, City of Richmond website. Retrieved August 1, 2007. Conference of Mayors. Retrieved June 27, 2007.

San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved 2011-01-28.

•,, June 7, 2007. Retrieved 2007-06-07.

•, Contra Costa Times, August 30, 2003. Retrieved May 24, 2007. • ^, Alexis Kenyon,, 2011-12-12.

Retrieved 2011-12-25 • (2010-07-09).. National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. September 18, 1980. Retrieved February 19, 2013. •, Chris Treadway,, 2012-04-16. Retrieved 2012-04-19 •.

Retrieved February 19, 2013. •, by Glen Martin, San Francisco Chronicle, August 16, 2004. Retrieved July 25, 2007. • ^ Kornelia Trytko.

Richmond Confidential. Retrieved 2011-05-07. April 4, 2011. Retrieved February 19, 2013. • Richmond Confidential. •, Spencer Whitney,, 2012-06-25.

Retrieved 2012-07-03 •... Retrieved August 10, 2008. City of Richmond. Retrieved June 26, 2007. Metropolitan Transportation Commission. June 18, 2007. •, Capitol Corridor, Stations (map).

Retrieved July 5, 2007. • September 28, 2007, at the., BayRails.

Retrieved August 13, 2007. • November 1, 2007, at the., AC Transit Marketing, March 15, 2007. Retrieved June 7, 2007. Retrieved June 7, 2007 May 24, 2007, at the. Retrieved June 7, 2007. Retrieved June 7, 2007. •, WestCat.org.

Retrieved June 26, 2007. • July 19, 2011, at the., Bear Transit website •.

September 7, 2010. Retrieved February 19, 2013. •, San Francisco Chronicle. •, San Francisco Chronicle. • September 28, 2007, at the. Retrieved February 19, 2013.

•, by Gayle McLaughlin, March 6, 2007, Gayle McGlaughlin website. Retrieved August 3, 2007.

Retrieved February 19, 2013. Retrieved February 19, 2013. • October 11, 2007, at the., California Track and Running News •, Courtney Anderson profile. Retrieved June 23, 2007. •, 2007 Draft: Prospect Profiles, Courtney Anderson. Retrieved June 23, 2007.

•; •; • •, CoachCarter.com. Retrieved May 17, 2007. •, Ricky Jordan profile. Retrieved July 2, 2007. •, by Jason B.

Johnson, reprinted with the permission of the San Francisco Chronicle, January 29, 2005. Retrieved January 29, 2009. • •, Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 17, 2007. • February 16, 2007, at the., Databasefootball.com. Retrieved May 17, 2007. •, August 6, 2004.

Retrieved August 8, 2008. •, Matthias Gafni,, 2012-03-23. Retrieved 2012-03-26 •, KochEntertainment.com. Retrieved May 17, 2007. •, City of Richmond.

Retrieved May 17, 2007. • March 10, 2007, at the., Berkeley Daily Planet, January 2, 2004. Retrieved May 17, 2007. • Rogers, Roberts (September 8, 2011).. Richmond Confidential. Retrieved February 24, 2012. •, by Chip Johnson, San Francisco Chronicle, May 1, 2001.

Retrieved June 17, 2007. • • • Said, Carly (November 14, 2010).. Open Publishing. Missing or empty title= () Bibliography [ ] •... External links [ ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to.